Friday, January 14, 2005

Success! LIVE Coverage of Huygens' Titan Descent

It's confirmed. Cassini has turned back to the Earth and is sending data. No Huygens probe data has been downloaded yet, but researchers are waiting expectantly.

"We have 40 more minutes of suspense, then we'll know if everything worked properly," said John Dodsworth, Huygens ground manager at ESOC.


Link has updated entries every few minutes.

The first (we believe) human artifact on the moon of another planet. Everybody write down the date so our future colleagues don't have to guess at the date when they find it.

Hopefully pictures later.


Update: More archy blogging this afternoon.

Titan update

16km up showing a shoreline (actually liquid methane?):


Picture from the surface:


Many more here.


And now, actual archaeology news:


New prehistoric rock carvings discovered in Northern England

More than 250 new examples of England's finest array of prehistoric rock art carvings, sited close to the Scottish border, have been discovered by archaeologists compiling a unique database.

Now over one thousand of the 'cup and ring' carvings can be admired on a new website, which carries 6,000 images and is said to be the most comprehensive of its kind in the world.

The site, which goes live today, includes the 250 panels unearthed during a two-and-a-half year trawl of some of England's remotest countryside, in the expansive moorlands of Northumberland.


Great idea U. Museum, engineers join forces

For the first time in Penn history, the University Museum has joined forces with the School of Engineering in an interdisciplinary attempt to improve the quality and efficiency of archaeological research.

As part of a project aimed at studying the remains of an ancient city in Tiwanaku, Bolivia, archaeologists from Penn's University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, the University of Denver and the University of Arkansas are employing advanced technology from the School of Engineering and Applied Science to locate and model subterranean artifacts with increased accuracy.


Read the whole thing.

Way overdue. Archaeologists need to become far more technology savvy, not just so we can be all techy and cool, but to increase the amount and quality of data we gather. And it's easier to distribute. Computing power is finally getting cost effective enough to put a lot of data online.

More tsunami-related archaeology Was ancient Indian town swallowed by tsunami?

For generations, the people of Poompuhar have spoken of the days when their sleepy fishing town was the capital of a powerful kingdom, and traders came from Rome, Greece and Egypt to deal in pearls and silk.

Then, more than 1,500 years ago, it was gone. The thriving town, according to ancient Tamil-language texts, was "kodalkol" -- "swallowed by the sea."

Perhaps, archaeologists and historians thought, the sea water had gradually risen. Or, some think now, perhaps it was something else.


We submit that northwestern North American sites will be found that have been impacted by tsunamis as well. One hit the Oregon coast in 1964 we believe, so it's a common occurrence in this part of the world.

Surprise, surprise. . . Ancient Artifacts Found At Construction Site

A Rochester construction project is on hold while city officials try to figure out what to do about ancient artifacts found at the site.

State archaeologist Scott Anfinson says he'd like to see the sewer project moved by 300 feet to avoid the spot where the artifacts, including ancient tools, were found.

He says he'd like to do more digging at the site once the ground thaws.

Anfinson says the site is probably ten thousand years old and may have been occupied by the first humans who were in the area.

Another problem is the ownership of the land. The site is on private property, so the city can't stop artifacts from being removed. Anfinson says he'd like to see the city buy that piece of land.


That's the whole thing.

Yeah, where were you the last time. . . Makah elder tells Port of Port Townsend that Native remains unlikely on designated graving yard sites

A Makah tribal elder who has lived most of her life in Port Townsend on Wednesday told Port commissioners they won't find tribal remains on two sites they proposed for a Hood Canal Bridge reconstruction project dry dock.

``You won't find bones in the first place,'' said McQuillen, 72, who is also a former member of the Jefferson County Historical Society.


Forest Service Works To Recover From '04 Storms

Archaeologists are working carefully to recover artifacts threatened by last fall's torrential floods in western North Carolina.

The work is focusing on the banks of Bent Creek, which is considered a significant historical site. September floodwaters tore through a portion of the creek, washing away about six feet of its bank.

One piece of pottery recently found on the site could date to A.D. 200. One archaeologist says workers have already found pottery and a few stone tool fragments.

This work is a less visible part of the U.S. Forest Service's major effort to recover from back-to-back tropical storms that damaged miles of trails, roads and stream banks across the Pisgah and Nantahala national forests.


That's the whole thing. That's another thing that unearths sites: rivers cut away at banks and reveal previously buried remains.


Homo hobbitus update New species may have relatives in next village

A growing number of scientists are challenging the sensational discovery last year of a new species of one-metre-tall intelligent humans whose 13,000-year-old bones were said to have been found in an Indonesian cave.

Now a leading critic of the Homo floresiensis theory is to send researchers to a village near the cave where the bones were excavated to measure an extended family group whose males may be just a few inches taller than the skeleton.

The Guardian has travelled to the village and interviewed three male members of the family, the shortest of whom was 1 metre 25cm (4ft), compared with the estimated 1 metre of the skeleton.


Curiouser and curiouser. . . . .

University opens Indian longhouse on campus

Nearly 20 years after it was proposed, the University of Oregon has opened an American Indian longhouse on campus.

The 3,000-square-foot building stands as a symbol of two generations of effort, project leaders said.

"You can't help but be overwhelmed just to see the structure, to see all the new faces and all the old faces," said Jason Younker, a recent anthropology doctoral graduate who was among those who helped see the longhouse project to completion.


We say, put a dozen freshmen into it for an even better idea of What Life Was Like.

Antiquities Market update Changing hands
As prices of Egyptian antiquities auctioned abroad continue to rise, Jill Kamil considers the role smuggling continues to play in the trade


So long as there is a demand for the produce, illegal excavations and the smuggling of antiquities will continue. Unscrupulous connoisseurs are always on the lookout for interesting artefacts to add to their private collections, or to donate to the nation. As a result, high quality relics are freely available on the international market, and interested parties are prepared to pay large sums in order to acquire the objects of their desire. The appetite for Egyptian antiquities is undiminished, as is clear from a glance at the recent auction catalogues of houses such as Bonhams, Christie's or Sotherby's.


Another excellent article by Jill Kamil.

Update on the Hipparchus star catalog story LSU researcher solves ancient astronomy mystery

An ancient mystery may have been solved by LSU Associate Professor of Physics and Astronomy Bradley E. Schaefer.

Schaefer has discovered that the long-lost star catalog of Hipparchus, which dates back to 129 B.C., appears on a Roman statue called the Farnese Atlas. Hipparchus was one of the greatest astronomers of antiquity and his star catalog was the first in the world, as well as the most influential. The catalog was lost early in the Christian era, perhaps in the fire at the great library in Alexandria.


We'll put up the weekly EEF news tomorrow.

Thursday, January 13, 2005

Another day of sorting through boxes of documents at the museum today, so no posts. More news tomorrow (hopefully good news and pictures of the Huygens probe, too!) and the weekly EEF news.

Wednesday, January 12, 2005

Non-archaeological nerd alert Casini-Huygens mission to Saturn: Titan landing (hopefully), this Friday:

On Friday, Jan. 14, the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Huygens probe is scheduled to descend through the mysterious atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan. The above map illustrates planned imaging coverage by the probe during the its descent toward Titan's surface on Friday.


ESA's Huygens site here and NASA's Huygens site here. From NASA's site, it appears that the probe is scheduled to descend in the early morning hours (EST) Friday, meaning later in the day for you Euros (10:13 GMT, sayeth NASA), and Those Times That Do Not Really Exist for us western North Americans. There's some sort of NASA TV as well, that promises to provide live coverage (probably carried on those mid-20's cable channels run by universities). The Science Channel is also showing something on it at 9pm Friday night, so there should be pictures and such by then, if it's successful.

And along those same lines. . . Statue reveals ancient astronomy

A Roman statue of Atlas -- the mythical titan who carried the heavens on his shoulders -- holds clues to the long-lost work of the ancient astronomer Hipparchus, an astronomical historian said Tuesday.

The statue in question is known as the Farnese Atlas, a 7-foot tall marble work which resides in the Farnese Collection in the National Archeological Museum in Naples, Italy.

What makes it important to scientists is not the titan's muscular form but the globe he supports: carved constellations adorn its surface in exactly the locations Hipparchus would have seen in his day, suggesting that the sculptor based the globe on the ancient astronomer's star catalog, which no modern eyes have seen.


Modern danger and ancient mystery on Laos's Plain of Jars

A busload of Japanese tourists spills onto a mud road and poses for pictures next to a red sign that says, "DANGER!"

Nearby several bomb clearance workers armed with a metal detector prepare to face a potentially deadly hazard. They head single-file along a narrow path into the brush, and 20 minutes later a call rings out: they have found two live mortar bombs.

Inspection reveals the bombs do not pose an immediate danger and can be collected at another time for demolition. The teams moves on.

Later another call rings out ... this time for an archaeologist.


And still more on the Roman racetrack Chariot track will be protected

THE lead archaeologist at a groundbreaking dig in Britain's oldest recorded town has issued reassurances about the future of the site.

The move comes after Colchester MP Bob Russell called for national heritage bodies to take action to make sure the town's recently discovered chariot racetrack was preserved for generations to come.

Mr Russell made his comments in an early day motion published in yesterday's order paper at the House of Commons.


Web site alert Egyptian Excavation Returns to the Web

The world is invited to watch Johns Hopkins University archaeologists uncover clues to ancient Egyptian life by visiting “Hopkins in Egypt Today,” a Web site chronicling the university’s 12th annual dig, at

http://www.jhu.edu/~neareast/egypttoday.html

Daily progress reports for at least four different ongoing Johns Hopkins projects in Egypt are anticipated Jan. 15 through mid-February.


The web site referenced seems to be university-access only.

This seems like good news Restorers breathe new life into Afghanistan's shattered heritage

With each stroke of his paintbrush Shairazuddin Saifi watches the past come back to life, meticulously restoring a Buddhist statue which was broken by looters digging it out of the ground.

"I feel proud when I do this because it is Afghanistan (news - web sites)'s history," Saifi says as he rebuilds the features of the Buddha with a solution of mud and chemicals, in a backroom of the Kabul Museum heated by a flickering wood stove.


Researchers hail find of secret Da Vinci lab

Researchers have discovered the hidden laboratory used by Leonardo Da Vinci for studies of flight and other pioneering scientific work in previously sealed rooms at a monastery next to the Basilica of the Santissima Annunziata, in the heart of Florence.

The workshop rooms, located between the Institute for Military Geography and the Basilica, include frescos on walls painted by Da Vinci that have "impressive resemblances" to other examples of his experimental work, including a tryptich of birds circling above a subsequently erased representation of the Virgin Mary that "constitutes a clear citation of the studies by the Maestro on the flight of birds", according to the three researchers, Alessandro Del Meglio, Roberto Manneschalchi and Maria Carchio.


Not really "archaeology" but cool.

Utah Woman's Property Turns Up Ancient Remains

A southern Utah woman's property has turned out to be a graveyard for some ancient remains.

An excavation crew digging the basement for a home Jamie Church is building in Parowan unearthed what is believed to be the 1,000-year-old remains of a Fremont Indian family, a man, woman and two children.

``It was kind of creepy, but I'm trying not to think that way,'' Church said.

Digging stopped immediately when the bones were discovered, Parowan Public Works Director Kelly Stones said. Police were immediately summoned to the site when the first of four skulls was found.

``They got hold of an archaeologist who was out here about three or four hours,'' Stones said. ``There were a lot of bones.''

Pottery, grinding stones and jewelry were also found with the human remains in a shallow grave about 2 1/2-feet deep.

``All the bodies were right together in the same spot,'' Church said. ``Right by that was a pit, like where they cooked food. They found a lot of other bones there, too, but they were deer bones.''

Archeologists immediately packed up the human remains and took them for further study.


That's the whole thing.

Tuesday, January 11, 2005

Yay, all Internet access up to full capacity. Only a couple of new things to report though.

Committee receives 2,000 submissions against Tara motorway

Heritage campaigners have delivered 2,000 submissions to the Oireachtas Transport Committee opposing plans to build a motorway through the historic landscape surrounding the Hill of Tara in Co Meath.

The submissions were collected by the Save Tara-Skryne Valley group at various locations throughout Ireland over the weekend.


Not much info here, mostly about the building of a road.

This is cool Neolithic stone tool workshop spotted

Archaeologists have discovered what is believed to be China's largest stone tool processing workshop of the Neolithic Age, reports Xinhua.

The workshop, with an area of 1,200 sq metres, was spotted in some ruins dating back about 7,000 years ago in the Guangxi Zhuang region, said Lin Qiang, a deputy researcher fellow with the autonomous regional cultural heritage research team.

Tens of thousands of stone tools and instruments such as stones in the shape of hammers and chopping blocks, whetstone and semi-finished stoneware were unearthed from the site of the workshop.


Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit opens Jan. 20 in Mobile, Ala.

Seven of the oldest surviving biblical scrolls are coming to Mobile, Ala., this month. After successful runs in Grand Rapids, Mich., and Houston, the traveling Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit opens in Mobile’s Gulf Coast Exploreum Science Center on Jan. 20.

With 12 authentic Dead Sea Scrolls on loan from the Israeli Antiquities Authority, the exhibit will not disappoint its many visitors. The Exploreum will host the traveling exhibit through April 24. New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary is a sponsoring institution for the event.

“The highlight [of the exhibit] will be the Deuteronomy scroll that has the entire text of the Ten Commandments,” said Ellen Herron curator for the exhibit. “This is such a rare opportunity.”

We're having immense difficulties with our internet connection today, so only a few stories to report.

Don't remember if we've linked to this yet
Miatello, L., The design of the Snefru pyramids at Dahshur and the Netjerikhet pyramid at Saqqara

Paper online at PalArch.nl. We seem to recall linking it in the last month or so, forgive the duplication if we did.

Repatriation update SACRED RELICS COULD BE RETURNED TO NEW ZEALAND

Human remains sacred to Maoris, which have been held in Perth museum for nearly 200 years, could be on their way back to New Zealand.

The remains, two tattooed heads, were sent to Perth in 1825 by local man David Ramsay.

But the Museum of New Zealand has now asked for them back and the request will be considered by Perth and Kinross Council's lifelong learning committee on Wednesday.

The Museum of New Zealand is co-ordinating a formal repatriation programme of Maori remains from museums and collections worldwide.


Yaaaaaaay
Cave art museum gets major grant


A Derbyshire museum has been given £4.26m to expand its facilities.

The money will be spent on building a centre of excellence at Creswell Crags, a limestone gorge which contains the country's oldest cave art.

The grant has come from the Heritage Lottery Fund and will pay for a new museum and education centre telling the story of the Ice Age.

Plans are now being drawn up, and if approved, work could start next year, with the centre opening in 2007.

The trust which runs the site will have to find £1m towards the project.

The carvings include a 12,000-year-old representation of bison, horse and birds.

They are the only examples of Palaeolithic cave art in the UK, and the artists who made them would have witnessed a British landscape still being shaped by glaciers.

A local road will also be re-routed to protect the site.


That's the whole thing.

Booooooooo No Money for Archaeology

Six months after its board of directors fired seven South Street Seaport Museum employees, including its archaeological curator and maritime librarian, the fate of its 2-million-plus artifact collection and its research library and archive remain uncertain. Blaming reduced attendance at the museum since 9/11 and a $1 million budget deficit, Seaport Museum chairman Lawrence S. Huntington said in a New York Times article last July that the cutbacks were necessary "to put this museum on a break-even basis." Among staff let go were archaeological curator Diane Dallal, who ran New York Unearthed, the city's only archaeological museum and conservation lab, and Norman Brouwer, curator of ships and marine historian, a 32-year veteran of the museum in charge of its library.


This seems important Scientists to start DNA analysis of ancient horse skeletons

Chinese and British scientists are planning for the DNA analysis of 12 horse skeletons unearthed from the burial ground of a prominent duke who lived more than 2,500 years ago in northwestern Shaanxi Province.

Archeologists with Beijing University and Cambridge University have used a professional database to process data collected from the skeletons, including the size and weight of the skulls, spinalcolumns and limbs.


Not much info as to what the actual goals of the testing are for, but apparently directed at the domestication issue.

Lost city. . . found! Parthian Circular City Found in Khorasan

Iranian archeologists have found the architectural plan of a Parthian circular city in Nehbandan castle in southern Khorasan.

Nehbandan castle is one of the most important ancient cities in Iran that has signs of different historical periods. Though it hasn’t been much excavated, archeologists have found remains from Parthian (250 BC – 226 AD) to Safavid (1501 – 1722) eras.


2500-year-old Winged Man of Pasargadae threatened by cold and lichen

The director of the Pasargadae Historical Cultural Complex said here on Sunday that the stone relief of the Winged Man at the ancient site has been seriously damaged by the cold and lichen and other environmental factors.

“Experts began to study the detrimental effects two years ago after some cracks were observed on the relief,” added Babak Kial.

The Winged Man, considered to be Cyrus the Great by some archaeologists and historians, is a relief of a standing man with four wings who is praying. He also wears a crown which has two horns on it. Some scholars say that that Cyrus the Great is Zulqarnain, whose story is told in the Holy Qur’an, because Zulqarnein means “one with two horns” in Arabic.


Monday, January 10, 2005

Very cool Temples Indicate Swift Rise of Hawaiian Society

The transformation of ancient Hawaii from a loose collection of chiefdoms into the beginnings of a formal society may have happened in as little as 30 years, according to new evidence from 400-year-old temples.

Researchers employed an unusual technique to test the age of eight temples on the islands of Maui and Molokai and found that all were apparently built from about 1565 to 1638.

Anthropologists had previously believed the temples — which served as religious and economic centers — were built over a period of 250 years.


This is interesting RIVER EXPOSES ANCIENT SITE

Remnants of the long-lost Rumsen Indian village of Ixchenta were again uncovered this week by the stream of water flowing from the Carmel River to the sea.

Hank Smith, longtime volunteer with the Carmel Steelhead Association, which works to preserve the steelhead trout run on the river, saw them while walking on the beach Thursday.


Whoops Construction destroys tower, tombs

A furore has erupted over the construction of an aluminium plant in North China's Shanxi Province, which is alleged to have led to the damage of irreplaceable cultural heritage.

"Bulldozers have ruined a Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) beacon tower and dozens of ancient tombs have been destroyed," claimed Shi Weiguo, a senior engineer from the Yuanping Cultural Relics Bureau's exploration centre.

He said the tombs were believed to be from the Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220).


But what do the Illuminati think? Hertford, home of the Holy Grail

An ancient secret society; a demand for a papal apology; and a network of hidden tunnels. Strange things have been stirring in Hertfordshire recently. Oliver Burkeman goes in search of the Knights Templar and, perhaps, the cup of Christ

One of the problems with secret societies - especially the kind whose members exert a shadowy influence on the course of world events - is that they can be a bit difficult to track down. Never was this more true than of the Knights Templar, the ancient Catholic order rumoured, among other things, to know the whereabouts of the Holy Grail. Officially, the Templars don't exist, having been driven underground by the pope more than 600 years ago; in The Da Vinci Code, they are described as inhabiting "a precarious world where fact, lore and misinformation had become so intertwined that extracting a pristine truth was almost impossible". Nobody even seems to agree on what the Holy Grail is: some say it is the cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper; others that it was used to collect his blood at the crucifixion. Needless to say, the Templars haven't been too eager to clarify any of this publicly.


So many possible quotes and pictures come to mind right now we can't possibly post them all.



Another year-end review 2004 in Review-Archaeological treasure discovered

BULGARIA'S ancient Thracian heritage was thrust into the spotlight in 2004 with a number of key archaeological discoveries in the so-called "Valley of the Thracian Kings".

A team of Bulgarian archaeologists, led by Professor Georgi Kitov, discovered a 2400-year old golden mask in the tomb of an ancient Thracian king on August 19. The mask bears the image of a human face and is made of 500 grams of solid gold. The discovery was made near the town of Shipka, in the heart of the Stara Planina Mountain.

Dozens of Thracian mounds are spread throughout this region, which archaeologists have called 'the Bulgarian valley of the kings,' a reference to the Valley of the Kings near Luxor, which is home to the tombs of Egyptian Pharaohs.


Now they're just like the ones in Egypt, Mexico, Peru. . . Archeologists recount actions of bold looters

Sergeant Janis Albuquerque, a US Army reservist from Virginia, was in street clothes walking through a bazaar in Baghdad when a man approached and offered her a clay cup purportedly dating from ancient Babylon.

Albuquerque, who served for 14 months in Iraq, recognized that the man might be one of the legions of illegal art dealers who have smuggled thousands of artifacts from the country since US troops captured Baghdad in 2003. Relating the encounter to archeologists who gathered in Boston yesterday, she said she reported the man to the military.

Albuquerque's story illustrated the way looters and art smugglers in Iraq have become bolder since the US occupation began in April 2003. Two years after US troops entered Iraq, the national museum remains in a virtual lockdown, thousands of artifacts are missing, and archeologists say it is too dangerous to go to Baghdad.


Persepolis Erosion Under Study

The steps to the Apadana entrance and the doorway to the 2500-year-old palaces in Persepolis have been eroded by 1 to 2 mm.

The erosion in the world heritage site of Persepolis has made the experts so anxious that they have begun a special study of the Achaemenid capital to find out about the reasons of the erosion of bas relieves and the other parts of this ancient site.

"According to our studies, the traffic of visitors of which the number in some days goes up to 20 thousand is one of the reasons for the erosion of the floor of the steps and doorways in Persepolis", Hassan Rahsaz, a technician in Persepolis historical complex, told CHN.


Chariot track update Expert had predicted chariot track find

A LEADING expert at the British Museum predicted the discovery of a Roman chariot racetrack in a historic town four years before its ruins were found by archaeologists, it has emerged.

Renowned Romanist Dr Ralph Jackson said the decoration on a Second Century Colchester jar, which shows the image of a charioteer in action, suggested that whoever had made it had seen a real race rather than used their imagination or relied on eyewitness reports.

The pottery exhibit was found in Colchester, where last week it was announced the ruins of a "Roman circus" – as chariot racetracks are known to historians – had been unearthed by archaeologists. It was made either in Colchester or nearby.


CBI: Calcutta CBI steps in at museum

Sleuths of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which is probing the theft of the fifth century sandstone head of Buddha from the Archaeology Long Gallery of Indian Museum on December 29, conducted a spot investigation on Friday.

The detectives also interrogated the employees and security personnel of the museum and recorded their statements.

According to CBI officials, the museum staff will be interrogated again on Saturday.


Odd twist on Evil Developers Illinois' Ancient Past Becoming Clearer New Technology, Developers Help Archaeologists Rediscover Long-Lost Cultures

Archaeologists are piecing together more of Illinois' history thanks in large part to new technology and, of all people, developers.

So quickly are new archaeological sites being discovered and added to the state's official list that scientists could investigate for years and still not run out of leads. In 2004 alone, archaeologists added 1,020 sites to the official state list that now stands at more than 52,000.

. . .

Developers are helping to fill in the blanks. Before they build a subdivision or pave a parking lot, they are required by law to hire experts to make sure they aren't about to destroy the remnants of a prehistoric civilization.


Kind of an odd twist, but not unprecedented. Many times, money is not available for extensive, large-scale surveys except when a major project is under way. Much of southeastern archaeology was jump-started due to the Civilian Conservation Corps and Tennessee Valley Authority work in the 1030s. Note also that the Combined Prehistoric Expedition headed by Fred Wendorf had its start as a rescue expedition during the building of the Aswan High dam. Kind of a paradox, but there you are.

James' ossuary update British Museum expert called to give evidence in trial over 'ossuary of Jesus's brother fraud'

A wealthy Israeli art collector and an Egyptologist who works for the British Museum have been named as key prosecution witnesses in the trial of five men accused of running the world's biggest ring of dealers in bogus religious artefacts.

The sophisticated forgeries, which were sold for tens of millions of pounds, allegedly include an ossuary, or burial box, whose ancient Aramaic inscription suggests that it once held the bones of "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus".


Tut Tour update Los Angeles is the first stop for The return of the King

The treasures of King Tut will go on display in this country for the first time in a quarter-century in an exhibit featuring the ancient ruler's gold crown, carved dagger and a massive gold and cloisonné necklace.

‘‘Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaoh'' will include about 130 of the 5,000 Egyptian artifacts found in King Tut's tomb. The last time a similar exhibit toured the country, in 1976-1979, 55 items were displayed.

‘‘Now Tutankhamen is back, giving a new generation the chance to learn firsthand about the life and magic of this ancient monarch,'' Zahi Hawass, secretary general of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities, said.


Commentary on museum collections Franklin W. Robinson: Museums and the globalization of pride

NO ONE BELIEVES more firmly than I in the mission of an art museum: the collection, presentation, and preservation of works of art from every culture, every century, every medium.

This is a responsibility that is profoundly educational and profoundly moral. In fact, it goes beyond education -- it is one of the ways that our society, or any society, can survive the chaotic changes of the modern world.

However, the world does change, and we're a long way from 1880. American museums, and museums generally, can no longer be imperial; we can't collect everything we want to collect. We can't ignore the claims of what have come to be called the "countries of origin": the cultures that produced the objects we want in our museum collections.


Read the whole thing, even though it requires a free registration. Robinson does an admirable job of sketching the outlines of the issues, but makes no recommendations of his own on what to actually do about any of them (that's not a criticism, by the way, just an acknowledgement of the hugeness of the issue as a whole).

The issue of 'what to take back' is something we've considered at length. We don't deal in monetarily significant artifacts so that aspect is beyond our area of expertise. But then, as we all know, archaeology is far more than finding way cool statues and gold amulets to display in museums. What to do, for example, when one wants to conduct detailed analyses of archaeological sediments or ceramics that requires many, many hours of laboratory work? The bulk of researchers can't simply take 2-3 years out of their careers to do them in the country of origin, even assuming said country has the proper resources available. A few researchers have the time and resources to spend a lot of time in the field working, or paying others to do so for months on end, but not many. For the rest, and especially those trying to find suitable projects for their graduate students, often the only reasonable option is to ship samples home to work on them. We, frankly, think this is entirely appropriate in many cases. Ethiopia, for example, worked out a deal for Don Johanson to take the Lucy remains back to the US for a given study period (3-5 years if memory serves), after which they were to be returned (and were). And that was a case of a single very unique specimen. It may even be that many such samples -- a few thousand rim sherds for instance, or sediment samples for another -- could easily be given to the researcher or loaned ad infinitum.

Of course, then you have the further issue of where and how to store all this junk once it gets here. We didn't say it was easy. . . . .

Update on Hood Canal Bridge project Rayonier property proposed for Hood Canal Bridge graving yard site

Rayonier Inc. has submitted a proposal to state Department of Transportation officials to build the Hood Canal Bridge graving yard on the site of the company's now-demolished pulp mill.

Rayonier, encouraged by Port Angeles city leaders and City Manager Mike Quinn, moved on the proposal last week.

``They suggested it to us and we thought it was a good idea,'' said Dana Dolloff, Rayonier's environmental affairs director who in recent years has worked closely with state and Lower Elwha Klallam tribal officials in the mill site's toxic-waste cleanup.


Book corner Archaeologists and monuments, V. N. Datta

Why this discovery of India's past? I think that the primary purpose of this enquiry is to describe and illuminate the rise, the scope and the methods adopted in the study of the 18th and 19th century Indian archaeology not as a branch of literature, but as a component of scientific discipline.

The main intention is to provide examples of the varied ways in which archaeological historiography may be approached by those who wish to carry the study further into the region of fresh discovery. That is why the focus in this work is on the variety of the ways the archaeologists have viewed the past. And it is Alexander Cunningham, according to the author, who had the principal share in the development of archaeological tradition in the country.


One entry now, more later:

At least one tsunami-related archaeological item Discovery of Minoan tsunami deposits

This is the only one we could think of offhand, though we are certain there are more (for example, here for a New Zealand example). We seem to recall some recent controversy over the idea that the Santorini eruption and resulting ashfall and tsunami actually resulted in the collapse of the Minoan civ., but we could be mistaken on this. And we're too lazy (and busy) to go searching through the archives.

Friday, January 07, 2005

"I must keep my Precioussssssss. . . ."


Research to go on without 'hobbit'

ALTHOUGH their famous fossils were not returned as promised by the prominent Indonesian researcher who snatched them last year, the Australian scientists who helped discover the 18,000-year-old "hobbit" will return to Indonesia this month to pursue their work.

"The research will continue," said Mike Morwood, an archaeologist with the University of New England in Armidale, NSW, who led the Australian arm of the team that made the discovery.

The scientists will carry on despite the fact that 79-year-old paleoanthropologist Teuku Jacob, of Gadjah Mada University in Jogyakarta, has reneged on a written agreement that he would return all the "borrowed" fossils by the end of 2004.


Note: There are numerous pictures of peoples' cats named Smeagol out there on the Internet. Please refrain from doing so. It's weird.

Mystery! Archaeologists Narrow Down Theories on Origin of Lewes Artifacts

The investigation continues into those historical artifacts that recently washed up on the shore of Lewes.

Archaeologists say they are hinting more and more towards their ship wreck theory. They say that is the most logical explanation for the recent findings.

People showed up at a public meeting Thursday night at the Zwaanendael Museum in Lewes holding bags of items found on a nearby beach last month. Archaeologists told the public about their plans to figure out how these artifacts ended up in Delaware. They say they have not been able to give definite answers as of yet but say all of that will soon change.

"We are set to find out a lot more," said archaeologist Craig Lukezic. "We will have some divers on the site probably within a month or two to go down and do some preliminary research."


That's the whole thing.

Um. . .riiiiight. Legend of ‘mummy’s curse’ reawakened

Egyptologist Zahi Hawass, who supervised the first CT scan of the mummy of the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun this week, said the experience suggested it might be unwise to write off the legendary “curse of the pharaohs.”

The CT, or computed tomography, scan produced three-dimensional images X-ray of the boy pharaoh’s remains.

“I cannot dismiss the legend of the curse because today many things happened. We almost had an accident in a car, the wind blew up in the Valley of the Kings and the computer of the CT scan was completely stopped for two hours,” Hawass said in videotaped remarks released by his office Friday.


Yes, those certainly are odd occurrences for Egypt. . . . .

We figure Zahi was probably jesting. Kind of irritating for it to be the headline though.

More Viking burials
'High status' Viking site found


Archaeologists in Cumbria say they have discovered what could be the country's most important Viking burial site.

Experts are so excited about the find and its wealth of treasures, they are keeping its location a secret so they can work undisturbed.

All that has been revealed is that it is near Barrow and contains artefacts dating back to the 10th Century.


And now for the weekly EEF news:

In memoriam: "Prof. Dr. Lech Krzyzaniak (1940 - 2004)", former director of the Poznan Archaeological Museum, Poland
http://www.muzarp.poznan.pl/muzeum/muz_eng/wspomnienie/index_lechk.html
[Eds. This was some time ago, but it's nice to see such a nice memorial site. And EVERY archaeologist needs at least one of these:



Thanks, Lech.]

Press report: "Chephren Pyramid open for visitors Saturday":
http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html11/o311224g.htm
The restored pyramid of Khafre is now open, and the king's funerary temple will be restored. Some other pressreports on this [submitted by Albert Prince (albert.prince1@btinternet.com)], adding that the pyramid of
Menkaure/Mykerinus is next in the Gizeh restoration cyle, so is now closed:
http://snipurl.com/bqr5 (Al Jazeera)
http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200501/s1275203.htm

Press report: "International company to shoot blockbuster on Hatshepsut"
http://www.sis.gov.eg/online/html12/o030125c.htm
"An international financial company announced on Sunday it is making a feasibility study for a big film on the famous Queen Hatshepsut."

Press report: "Nefertiti gets new home in Berlin"
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2005/01/05/2003218102
Berlin's Egyptological collection, scattered by WWII, will be reunited under one roof. Nefertiti's bust will be part of an exhibition [see exhibition Germany (k) on the EEFNEWS website], and then move into the rebuilt Altes Museum.

Press release: "Archaeologists discover evidence that courtiers were sacrificed to accompany early Egyptian Kings into the Afterlife" "Dig at Abydos Yields Important Discoveries About Egypt's First Dynasty":
http://snipurl.com/bsn4
[Cp. the EEF thread "New finds in Abydos (human sacrifice?)" of March '04]

The "Rundbrief Sept. '04" of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Abteilung Kairo is available as PDF (0.99 MB, 33 pp., in German):
http://www.dainst.org/medien/de/rundbr04.pdf
[With progress reports of DAIK missions at over a dozen sites; with e.g. photos of the pyramidions of the Intefs from Dra'Abu el-Naga (see EEFNEWS 331).]

Kathleen Nicoll, "Radiocarbon Chronologies for Prehistoric Human Occupationy and Hydroclimatic Change in Egypt and Northern Sudan", in: Geoarchaeology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp. 47-64; in PDF (481 kB):
http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/ww/geoarch_nicoll_c14_esahara.pdf
Compiles 500+ published Late Prehistoric radiocarbon ages from localites in the Western Desert and Oases region, and illustrates hydroclimatic changes ("wet-dry" cyles) from them. Population began to move out of the desiccating area, towards the Valley, after 6000 Before Present. The establishing of the current hyperarid conditions around 4500 BP coincides with the end of the Old Kingdom.

Kathleen Nicoll, "Recent Environmental Change and Prehistoric Human Activity in Egypt and Northern Sudan", in: Quaternary Science Reviews, 23 (2004), pp. 561-580; in PDF (588 kB):
http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/mi/nika.pdf
(or alternatively:
http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/ww/qsr_nicoll_eg_sud.pdf)
Same scope as previous article. But also has an interesting chart which scetches the state of the Nile flood during AE history.

C. Vance Haynes, Jr, T.A. Maxwell, A. El Hawary, K.A. Nicoll, S. Stokes, "An Acheulian Site Near Bir Kiseiba in the Darb el Arba'in Desert, Egypt", in: Geoarchaeology, Vol. 12, No. 8 (1997), pp. 819-832; in PDF (335kB):
http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/ww/geoarch_nicoll_acheulian.pdf
Describes the geology and archaeology of a site in the Western Desert that turned up Acheulian artifacts.

Online version of: Jeffrey Jacobson, Jane Vadnal, Multimedia in Three Dimensions for Archaeology; Information Retrieval With Interactive Models, in: Proceedings of the SCI'99/ISAS'99 Conference, vol. 8
http://www.planetjeff.net/IndexDownloads/sci-isas-99.pdf
"An interactive three-dimensional model is an effective tool for the display of archeological data. Spatial data from a site can be directly visualized as the central model, while much of the non-spatial information can be
presented with text, sound, animations or other such tools. ... We discuss the structural and cognitive (learning) advantages of this approach and present our three examples: The Temple of Isis, The Temple of Horus and the
Tomb of Lady Hao." - pdf-file: 270 KB

The Friends of the Petrie Museum will be holding a second book auction to raise funds for the mummy cartonnage appeal. If you would like to receive a list of the books, and details of the email auction,
please send an email to Jan Picton, Secretary of the Friends, at:
petriebooks@ijnet.demon.co.uk.
EEF members who participated in last year's auction will automatically receive details of this year's auction (unsubscribe by sending subject header 'delete' to the above address).

[Submitted by Karine Gadre (karine@culturediff.org)]
A Culture Diff' lecture was given on October 16, close to Lyon, France. Its title "The creation of the world: ancient Egyptian myths and scientific reality". Its goal: recounting fifteen milliard years of evolution through
myths and theories. Here follows a summary of this lecture available online as a dossier (34 pages and 29 pictures) for 15 euros only:
"At the very beginning there was the myth, and more particularly the myth of the creation of the world. Because of their big analogy with funerary conceptions, several extracts of the cosmogonic myths were integrated within
the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, the Book of the Dead, ... Through these stories, the ancient Egyptians attempted to explain at best the observed reality: the world made up of the sky and the earth, populated by gods,
humans, animals, plants, ... For this reason, certain aspects of the cosmogonic myth evolved with time, whereas others were enriched with many versions. This evolutional and probabilistic approach is most often
described as modern. It guides the anthropologists, the paleontologists, the biochemists, the astrophysicists, the cosmologists, the physicians of the particles, in charge of recounting the history of the created world, from
the primeval big bang to the appearance of mankind, going through the structuring of our matter universe, the appearance and evolution of life on earth. The similarity between the ancient and modern approaches is not the
sole and only thing which the cosmogonic myths and theories have in common. The descriptions of the primeval universe, the notions relating to the end of the created world, are other things which they have in common, as the
reading of this dossier testifies". Further details can be found at :
http://www.culturediff.org/english/astroegypto9.htm

"Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae (TLA)"
See EEF News (327), November 4, 2004
The database of AE texts will be updated these days: Pyramid texts, letters of the MK and late handbooks of priests were added. - In addition the so-called "Vormanuskript" [preliminary manuscript], an early draft of the
"Wörterbuch", is included. Written in 1906-1909, it consists of more than 2100 pp. with 850 lemmata. It is more detailed than the "Wörterbuch", discussing the meaning and usage of the words. Therefore it is not only of
historical interest, indicating Erman's concepts about the structure and content of an AE dictionary, but still points the way to future lexicographical work, according to Dr. Seidlmayer, leader of the project.
URL: http://aaew2.bbaw.de/tla/

End of EEF news

Much news today, so we'll be posting at intervals today.

Bow down and worship us, all ye who aspire to total nerdhood! We now have an original owner's manual for our original TI-30 calculator in its attractive faux-denim carrying case:



We have, of course, given away our approximate relative ages. Note (or not since it's not a very clear picture) that the manual refers to the product as an "electronic slide-rule calculator".

We found said manual while rummaging around the basement of the local museum. Really.


Ooooooo. . .a brewing controversy US archaeologists accused of plagiarism

A Peruvian archaeologist has accused two US archaeologists of plagiarising her work on the Caral complex, recently determined to be the oldest site in the Americas.

The official news agency Andina reported Ruth Shady accused Chicago-area archaeologists Jonathan Haas and his wife Winifred Creamer before the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) with taking her work on Caral, Ms Shady told Andina.


Note to ABC.net: Proofread your articles, please.

Let's hope this time they find something if it's there Archaeologists dig before road is built

Long before vacationers visited the sandy shores of Otter Tail Lake, another group set up camp there: Native Americans.

Because of this, the Otter Tail County Highway Department will have to take a few extra steps in getting ready to do road construction on a county highway near Otter Tail City.

County Highway 61, south of 108, has been tagged as an area with a high potential for Native American artifacts and because of that, extra steps have to be taken before any construction begins.


Celebration in the Shire 'Hobbit' archaeologist up for award

THE startling discovery by Australian and Indonesian scientists of a previously unknown species of small humans - dubbed the "hobbits" - captured the imagination of the world last year.

Not only were these dwarf humans previously unknown, but it was revealed that they died out as recently as 500 years ago, meaning they lived side by side with modern humans on the Indonesian island of Flores.

Archaeologist Mike Morwood headed the Australian arm of the scientific team which made the discovery, working in partnership with the Indonesian Research Centre for Archaeology in Jakarta.


CSI: Thebes


King Tut Mummy Scanned -- Could Solve Murder Mystery

Was Tutankhamun murdered? In an effort to solve that mystery and others, scientists CT-scanned the 3,000-year-old mummy of the ancient Egyptian king yesterday.

In 1968 an x-ray of "King Tut" revealed a bone fragment in his skull. Ever since, rumors have swirled that a blow to the head had killed the boy king. The break, though, could also be explained by a fall or a mishap during mummification.

The three-dimensional image that will be created from yesterday's CT scan will be many times more informative than any x-ray. As such, it may help uncover just how Tutankhamun died.


We noticed that ABC News stole our "CSI: blahblahblah" shtick for their story on this yesterday.

We'd prefer it full of Darjeeling, but what the heck Boston Tea Party chest going home?

A small wooden tea chest has returned to Boston more than 230 years after rebellious colonists dumped it overboard during a famous protest that helped set the scene for the American War of Independence.

Or at least that's what the new owners would like you to believe.

Historic Tours of America unveiled on Wednesday what it said was a piece of American history: one of only two known surviving tea chests from the Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773.


We may have noted this earlier 7000-year-old artifacts discovered in Bushehr region

A joint Iranian and British archaeological team recently discovered 7000-year old artifacts and ruins dating back to the Chalcolithic era (7000? to 3500? B.C.) in northern Bushehr.

The Iranian director of the team, Hossein Tofiqian, said on Tuesday that the team began the first stage of their activities last month and made significant finds.

“The team began their work with the aim of discovering the social and economic status of the historical site during the Chalcolithic era in the fifth and sixth millennia B.C., while the previous excavations at the site mostly focused on the Elamite, Achaemenid, and Islamic eras,” he added.


But when older stuff gets news, we like to highlight it as much as possible.

Say, it's news from Mehr again 5000-year-old commercial seal discovered in Jiroft

The oldest known commercial seal, estimated to be about 5000 years old, was recently discovered at the historical site of Jiroft in southeastern Iran.

The director of the archaeological team working at the site, Yusef Majidzadeh, said on Friday that the seal, which bears the image of a goat with its head leaning back, was discovered near the governmental structure of the site during the third stage of excavations.

“The 2x2cm marble seal was skillfully made, indicating that the region was a developed economic center 5000 years ago,” he added.


Online paper alert Ancient Mesopotamian Accounting and Human Cognitive Evolution

Abstract: Recent archaeological evidence supports the claim that the first system of writing and the first use of abstract numerical representation evolved from the clay token accounting system of ancient Mesopotamia. Writing and other abstract symbol systems have subsequently transformed human cognitive capacities within only few millennia, a time period too short for any substantial changes in our biologically-evolved brains. This paper uses Merlin Donald's theory of human cognitive and cultural evolution [in Origins of the Modern Mind; 1991] to identify the role played by ancient accounting in these evolutionary processes. Specifically, it is argued that this early accounting system paved the way for writing by instigating revolutionary cognitive structures for processing visual/ symbolic artifacts and establishing a primitive but very powerful form of external memory (external to the brain). The paper also explores the role that accounting systems continue to play in the provision of "cognitive scaffolding" with respect to our organizational and institutional environments, and provides a cursory overview of the pioneering developments of ancient Mesopotamien accounting in this regard.


We haven't gone over it in any detail yet, but the basics -- writing grew out of a need for accounting -- is fairly well-attested.

Thursday, January 06, 2005

No posts today as we were cataloging all of the boxes of artifacts we moved on Tuesday. Will be back Friday with news and the weekly EEF news.

Wednesday, January 05, 2005

Shameless self-promotion alert

We have just noticed (really!) that the one-year anniversary of ArchaeoBlog is rapidly approaching -- January 22. And we haven't even finished unpacking all the boxes from our former gig as the research arm of the International Brotherhood of Bricklayers. Trust us, freelancing is definitely the way to go.

Thus, we give you, our loyal readers, ample opportunity to plan a spectacular extravaganza for us. Don't bother going overboard on the champagne though, since after the first bottle you can't taste anything anyway. We'll probably just have a modest commemoration with a few close friends and colleagues. We had Milton DeLugg and his Band With A Thug at the Halloween party so we'll probably invite them back for an encore. Dancing girls are entirely appropriate so long as they dress in sufficiently accurate outfits common to one era and culture (and we'll check!).

Update
Fascinating article A rain forest debate: Could it have been home to complex societies?

High along bluffs overlooking the confluence of the mighty Negro and Solomes rivers, super-sized eggplants, papayas and cassava spring from the ground.

Their exuberance defies a long-held belief about the Amazon. For much of the last half-century, archeologists have viewed the South American rain forest as a ''counterfeit paradise" whose inhospitable environment precluded the development of complex societies.

But new research suggests that prehistoric people found ways to overcome the jungle's natural limitations and thrive in large numbers.

The secret, say the theory's proponents, is in the ground beneath their feet. The highly fertile soil called terra preta do indio, Portuguese for Indian black earth, was either intentionally created by these pre-Columbian people or is the accidental byproduct of their presence.


This has been simmering for quite a while, the idea that much of the rainforest we see today is of fairly recent origin.
A couple new items that just came across the wire. . .

Another article on the late Robson Bonnichsen Renown archaeologist from Filer dies

Rob Bonnichsen, a Filer native who went on to spur major advances in molecular archaeology and was a huge player in the controversial fight over the so-called "Kennewick man," died in Oregon on Christmas Day. He was 64.

Bonnichsen's research into the ancient inhabitants of North America made him somewhat of a scientist-celebrity. His work was often cited in the New York Times and other major publications.

Bonnichsen's calling was evident early on, said Steve Kohntopp, a close colleague who graduated with Bonnichsen in the same class at Filer High School.

"In high school he was always interested in archaeology," Kohntopp said. "He was absent from school a lot in the South Hills or Owyhee desert digging for artifacts."


Archaeology / A home fit for a prince?

When Alexander Zeid - who in 1909 founded Hashomer, the first armed Jewish defense force in modern times - began to build his home in the hills of Sheikh Abrik in the late 1920s, the remains of an ancient wall were unearthed. Zeid invited archaeologist Benjamin Maisler - who subsequently changed his name to Mazar - to examine the wall. Mazar determined that it dated to the Roman period, and in 1939 and 1940 he led a team that exposed a large and well-established settlement that peaked between the end of the second century and the middle of the fourth century of the Common Era.


Eek! Jordan Foils Terror Plot Against U.S.M

Prosecutors leveled charges against two suspected Jordanian terrorists after police foiled a plan to kill four American archeologists, security officials said Wednesday.

Jamil Mohammed Kutkut, 27, and Ibrahim Mohammed Zein al-Abedeen, better known by Jihad al-Qashah, 36, were charged with plotting to commit terrorist acts, illegal possession of automatic weapons and infiltrating Jordanian territories.


This seems like good news RWAs to get govt aid to protect monuments

Residents Welfare Associations interested in adopting ‘neglected’ monuments will receive financial help from the Delhi government. But before providing the aid, the government will check the credentials of the Associations.

‘‘These monuments have been neglected for long, now they are in such a state that they need extra protection. We are, therefore, ready to help RWAs monetarily,’’ said a senior official in the government’s Department of Archaeology today.

RWAs would be provided Rs 1 lakh per year for one monument and in return, they are liable to provide a guard for the protection of the monument. The Associations are also expected to look into their cleanliness and maintenance.


Two words: Chicken wire Hohokam ruins threatened

The four-story Casa Grande Ruins, the hand-built centerpiece of a prehistoric Hohokam Indian village, have baked under Arizona's desert sun and withstood its rains for perhaps seven centuries.

But now, even as the ruin made of concretelike clay becomes an island surrounded by urban development, those walls face an unlikely threat from the air and ground: birds and squirrels.

Cooing pigeons roost in round holes that once held ceiling and floor beams hauled at least 30 miles from the nearest mountaintops.


This happens in Egypt a lot in our experience. Birds love love love mud brick walls for nesting so whenever you uncover a wall, within a year it's full of holes.

Antiquities Market update UK hands over 30 Iranian ancient artifacts

Customs officials of London's Heathrow Airport handed over 30 ancient artifacts to the Iranian Embassy in London on Wednesday. The artifacts were being smuggled into Britain but were confiscated by customs agents.

Over 100 artifacts from the 5000-year-old Jiroft site in Iran's Kerman Province were discovered in two packages at Heathrow Airport last summer.


CSI: Ötztal Alps


Theory: Oetzi Murdered in Power Play

Ötzi the Iceman, the world's oldest and best-preserved mummy, might have been murdered in a struggle for power, according to a new theory that identifies the 5,300-year-old mummy as the powerful leader of a Neolithic community.

Discovered in 1991 in a melting glacier in the Ötztal Alps — hence the name — by the German hiker Helmut Simon, Ötzi is thought to have died at about 45.

He was hit by an arrowhead while being assaulted by his enemies, some of whose blood was found on the mummy's cloak and weapons.


We are, shall we say, unconvinced. Nice story though.

More from Mehr? 7000-year-old artifacts discovered in Bushehr region

A joint Iranian and British archaeological team recently discovered 7000-year-old artifacts and ruins dating back to the Chalcolithic era (7000? to 3500? B.C.) in northern Bushehr.

The Iranian director of the team, Hossein Tofiqian, said on Tuesday that the team began the first stage of their activities last month and made significant finds.

“The team began their work with the aim of discovering the social and economic status of the historical site during the Chalcolithic era in the fifth and sixth millennia B.C., while the previous excavations at the site mostly focused on the Elamite, Achaemenid, and Islamic eras,” he added.


Obviously the new mecca for archaeology.

Just doesn't have the same caché Ancient henge discovered near city

WILTSHIRE may have Stonehenge but now Cheshire has a wooden henge after archaeologists made the discovery near Chester.

Researchers working at Poulton, on the Duke of Westminster's land, were amazed to find the Bronze Age burials they had been investigating were preceded by a much earlier 'ritual' presence.

A circle of holes indicated the existence of the wooden henge together with a large hole in the centre which was potentially a form of 'totem pole'.


Well, that's a relief Mystery of ancient broch unlocked after 2000 years

A TEAM of archaeologists has helped unlock 2000-year-old secrets of an ancient tower described as one of the wonders of European archaeology.
Mousa Broch, located on the island of Mousa in Shetland, is one of the finest examples of an Iron Age tower or broch.
The impressive structure was used as a fortification when the islands were racked by warfare but was also mentioned in the sagas as an eloping lovers' hideout.


We jest, but it's a good article.

New Desert Coffins Unearthed in Xinjiang

Archeologists found the first wooden coffins with mud cover at Lop Nur Desert in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, according to the regional archeology institute.

Excavation of Xiaohe tomb complex began in October in 2003, leading to the discovery of 108 tombs so far. The most recent excavation yielded 33 tombs, including 25 for adults and eight for children.

Those buried in coffins with mud cover may be of relatively high social status. But the conclusion can only be made after the coffins are opened, according to scientists with the institute.

Archeologists have unearthed two coffins covered with mud at the deepest burial layers. The coffins were surrounded with wooden stakes. The head of cow was hung from the top of each stake.

Before the discovery, all wooden coffins were made from the wood of a poplar tree, endemic to the desert areas in northwest China. Usually the coffins had no bottoms and were covered with cowhides.

Xiaohe tomb complex was first discovered in 1934.


That's the whole thing.

Now this is cool Builders find chariot race track

A Roman-style chariot race at the Puy du Fou themepark
Chariot racing was very popular in the Roman world
The remains of the only known Roman chariot racing track in Britain have been found under an army barracks being redeveloped in Colchester.

New homes are going up on a 209-acre site where builders preparing the groundworks excavated what they believe is a race track nearly 2,000 years old.

Developers Taylor Woodrow said they are delighted at the find and will include it as a feature in their development.

Archaeologists say it was built around the 2nd century.


Update on Norte Chico New insight into ancient Americans

New research has shown that the oldest civilization in the Americas was far more complex than previously imagined.

Ancient Americans settled in the Norte Chico region of Andean Peru more than 5,000 years ago, abandoning hunter-gathering and quickly developing a society that featured monumental architecture, agriculture, housing and a barter-based economy, recent archaelogical excavations have revealed.


More later.

Update: Another article here.

Tuesday, January 04, 2005

No entries today because we've been moving boxes and boxes of artifacts for museum storage. More tomorrow.

More posts, not more boxes.

Monday, January 03, 2005

Robson Bonnichsen update

A couple links marking the passing of Dr. Bonnichsen:

Lauded A&M professor dies

Bonnichsen built bridges to the past: Former OSU professor pioneered techniques, theories in archaeology

As promised, the EEF news from last week:

Press report: "Chicago Natural History Museum's X-Rays Look Well into Past"
"The bundle of bandages purchased by the Field Museum in 1925 was supposed
to be a mummified cat ... anthropologists uncovered the truth through
digital X-ray technology: The mummified artifact is a circa 500 B.C.
fake..."
URL: http://www.rednova.com/news/display/?id=113707

Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom, Blackwell Publishing 2004/2005; 5 ill., 312 pp. Hardback ISBN 1405113715, USD64.95/GBP60; Paperback, ISBN 1405113723,
GBP 16.99.
"This book is an introduction to the war machine of New Kingdom Egypt. (...) Highlights new technological developments, such as the use of chariots and siege technology. Considers the socio-political aspects of warfare, particularly the rise to power of a new group
of men. Evaluates the military effectiveness of the Egyptian state, looking at the logistics of warfare during this period. "
Table of contents, plus Chapter 1 as free sample (31 pages!, in PDF, 1 MB) available at:
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/book.asp?ref=1405113715&site=1

[Submitted by Willow Polson (willow@castlecorps.com)]
* Willeke Wendrich, The World According to Basketry. An ethno-archaeological interpretation of basketry production in Egypt. Leiden 1999, 492 pp., numerous drawings and photographs, and a one-hour video-tape. Price 20.42 euro, excl. postage and handling costs. ISBN 90-5789-035-6. May be ordered with cnws@let.leidenuniv.nl
"On the basis of two different archaeological sites, namely Tell el-'Amarna in Middle Egypt (about 1350 BC), and Qasr Ibrim in Nubia (mainly third century BC to sixth century AD), this book deals with the production of basketry in ancient Egypt. Use is also made of a study of
contemporary basket makers in Middle Egypt and New Nubia. The book first deals with the technical aspects of basketry production, and subsequently with the wider world of basket makers. The book is accompanied by a video-tape which illustrates the findings presented in the written presentation."
Info: http://www.cnws.leidenuniv.nl

Seeing the presence of ancient mummification in the Chilean area, the online issues of Chungará, The Journal of Chilean Anthropology, also contain several Egyptological articles (short, in HTML) about diseases & analysis of mummies, and conservation &display of mummies. [The two articles by Bob Brier will also appeal to a more general audience.]
** Chungará (Arica), Jan. 2000, vol.32, no.1:
http://snipurl.com/bmuf
[Eds. Deleted several lines here from the original correspondence. Suffice it to say there are several papers here of interest. Highly recommended link to click.]

Two overview articles in English: [submitted by Michael Tilgner]
-- "Cleopatra VII" by Robert S. Bianchi (2 pages, in PDF, 46kB):
http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/ancient.egypt/cleopatra.pdf
-- "Hairstyles" by Lyn Green (4 pages, in PDF, 58kB):
http://www.oup.com/us/pdf/ancient.egypt/hairstyles.pdf
These are promotional samples from 'The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt' (2001).

Online version of: Sara Casciati, Ronaldo I. Borja, Dynamic FE analysis of South Memnon Colossus including 3D soil-foundation-structure interaction, in: Computers and Structures, vol. 82 pp. 1719-1736 (2004)
"A full three-dimensional dynamic soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) analysis of a famous landmark in Luxor, Egypt, the South Memnon Colossus, is performed to investigate the response of this historical monument to seismic excitation. ... These studies are useful for future conservation efforts of this historical landmark, and more specifically for
designing possible retrofit measures for the fractured base to prevent potential collapse of the monument from overturning during an earthquake." - pdf-file: 980 KB
URL: http://www.stanford.edu/~borja/memnon.pdf

End of EEF news

Email from A.J. Veldmeijer on the new issue of PalArch:

The PalArch Foundation is happy to inform you that the new issue of the Netherlands webbased scientific journal www.PalArch.nl is now online with 1 paper on archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology
http://www.palarch.nl/Archaeology/archaeology.htm, the proceedings of the Flemish-Dutch Egyptologists meeting
http://www.palarch.nl/Archaeology/proceedings.htm, and various book reviews http://www.palarch.nl/Non_scientific/bookreview.htm.

The PalArch Foundation's Newsletter, with news on the Foundation as well as the references of the publications can be found at http://www.palarch.nl/Non_scientific/newslettermember.htm. To open the pdf-file you need a password (see http://www.palarch.nl/information.htm, 3.6).

Topics of this Newsletter concerning Egypt are:
News on the activities of the PalArch Foundation Egypt in photographs (Z. Kosc)
Proceedings of the first Annual Meeting of Dutch Vertebrate Palaeontologists, 10 December, 2004, Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands (H.J.M. Meijer)
The ancient Egyptian collection at the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh (L.-A. Liddiard)

Finally, www.PalArch.nl is calling for papers and monographs (see
http://www.palarch.nl/algcallforpapers.htm).


Yearly roundup of Egypt archaeology news Egyptology Galore

From the Mediterranean bed to Kom Al-Dikka, from Akhmim to Sinai, from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo to Basle and Germany and from auction halls in Europe and America to Egypt, there were several exciting archaeological events to highlight this outstanding year. Nevine El-Aref reviews the past 12 busy months


Alexander update (no, not the movie) The World of Alexander Was Rich and Beautiful Even Before the Movies

"We archaeologists have to start with the materials at hand and then go to history," Dimitrios Pandermalis, a professor of classical archaeology at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, said on a recent trip to New York. "We do not start with history."

He was discussing the significance of the finds from Greek excavations now on display in "Alexander the Great: Treasures From an Epic Era of Hellenism," an exhibition at the Onassis Cultural Center in the Olympic Tower, 645 Fifth Avenue, at 51st Street, through April 16.


Seems a good article.

Great buddha head heist update Interpol aid sought to trace stolen Buddha head

Interpol help has been sought to recover a Gupta-period Buddha head, which was stolen on December 29 from the Indian Museum here, museum officials today said.

"The Indian Museum authorities sought Interpol's help yesterday to help recover the priceless piece made of sandstone and one of the most interesting exhibits," Director, Indian Museum S K Basu told newsmen.

It was stolen from a glass-case in the archaeological gallery of the museum during visiting hours. The museum authorities have written to the ASI about seeking Interpol's help. He said the detective department of the Kolkata Police was currently investigating the theft.

Police were also questioning the museum staff. He said the Governor G K Gandhi, who is chairman of the Board of Trustees of the museum has convened a meeting of the board, which would take place here shortly.

Officials of the Centre's Department of Culture will discuss the incident and the security of invaluable objects housed in the museum.


That's the whole thing.

From the great buddha head to the Great Dismal Swamp Researcher seeks evidence of slave colonies in Great Dismal Swamp

A doctoral student from the College of William and Mary is spending a second year in the thickets of the Great Dismal Swamp in hopes of documenting the small communities fugitive slaves may have created.

Daniel Sayers has located and begun examining six areas of relatively high ground, or islands - some on the swamp's North Carolina side - that may have been settled between the late 1600s and mid-1800s by slaves known as Maroons. Fugitive slaves from the West Indies or Guyana, or their descendants, were called Maroons.

"If there's runaways living in this swamp, they would be living on these islands," he said. "You can kind of see them here, you know."


Peopling of the New World update Bison bone discovery turns B.C. history upside-down

The year 2004 ends with a major story in archaeology, revealed by the use of new DNA technology on ancient bison bones scattered around western North America.

The findings profoundly affect our understanding of how North America was populated by humans, and could have an impact on aboriginal politics as well.

The conventional wisdom, taught to generations in school, speaks of a land bridge connecting Asia with Alaska. This now-submerged bridge was created by lower sea levels in the last ice age, which ended about 8,500 years ago. It was postulated that prehistoric tribes followed herds of migrating big animals down through an ice-free corridor roughly along the Rocky Mountains, eventually reaching all points of the continent and establishing what are now revered as the First Nations.


More of an opinion piece than a news article. We're not sure that the evidence so strongly points to a northward migration of humans, but there it is.

The birth of the shopping mall Out-of-town shopping malls 'were pioneered by rich Romans'

The luxury housing estate and out-of-town shopping centre may need to be added to the long list of what the Romans did for Britain.

Work in Bath suggests that rich Romans were so keen to live close to city centre attractions that they abandoned the empire's traditional habit of building lavish villas in the countryside, well away from the neighbours and commerce within the city walls.


Arrow head is a rare pointer to the past

which is more than 3,000 years old, has been found in North West Essex and donated to Saffron Walden Museum.

It was spotted by Essex Finds liaison officer Caroline McDonald while recording finds by local metal detector users and her identification was later confirmed by the British Museum.

The arrowhead dates from the Middle Bronze Age, between 1275 and 1140 BC.


Hunley update Fragile artifacts challenge Hunley restoration team

A charred and ragged matchstick looks like a piece of trash, but for archaeologists working on the H.L. Hunley, it's a revealing piece of history.

Since scientists began pulling artifacts from the Civil War-era submarine in 2001, a small staff of experts have been working to preserve them. The variety of material - metal, wood, textiles, leather, cork and even rubber - forced the Hunley lab staff to consider a number of different restoration techniques.


We'll be posting stuff throughout the day to make up for the absence over the long new year's weekend. EEF news from last week will be up in a couple of hours, we think.

We've been looking for any archaeological angle on the recent tsunami stories, but have not seen any. Any such thing would be along the lines of forensic work -- recovering and identifying bodies -- but that's usually reserved for forensic anthro's anyway, especially since no real burial is involved. OTOH, there ought to be some analysis done of ancient tsunamis wreaking havoc on ancient settlements. Certainly the eruption of Thera would have caused some tsunami action within the Mediterranean basin. We'll keep looking.

Port Townsend update Klallam Indians left to care for ancestors' unearthed remains

Generations of Klallam Indians have been told of an ancestral village where their people danced in longhouses and fished off the coast of the Olympic Peninsula.

What they hadn't known was that their ancestors' remains lay in scattered pieces, devastated by decades of industrial development, discovered only recently during the state's project to replace the aging Hood Canal floating bridge.

As state officials face the difficult and expensive task of finding a new site to build the bridge pontoons and anchors, a young generation of Klallam is left to care for hundreds of remains already unearthed and lay to rest the disturbed spirits of their ancestors.


Update on Burnt City of Mehr New discoveries reveal mysteries of Burnt City

A team of Iranian and foreign archaeologists have excavated the Burnt City in seven stages over the past few years.

“The excavations have shed light on a number of great mysteries about the lifestyles and occupations in the ancient city,” said Mansur Sajjadi, the head of the archaeological team.

The discovery of some artifacts connected with games of skill indicates the high level of ingenuity of the people, he added.


More Mehr news here: Foreign archaeologists rushing to save 129 ancient sites of Tang-e Bolaghi

Teams of Italian, Polish, Japanese, French, German, and Australian archaeologists have been assigned to save 129 ancient sites in Tang-e Bolaghi which will be flooded by the waters of the Sivand Dam, an expert of the Parseh and Pasargadae Foundation announced on Sunday.

“The sites have been determined based on priorities and each team will be working on specific sites,” Alireza Asgari added.


An Egyptologist in our midst

His license plate reads "Egypt," a tribute to the ancient world that is his passion. Over the past seven years, Frank C. Caizzi, 63, has made seven trips to the Middle East, four of them to Egypt, to explore his interest in ancient history. His fascination for history began in the ninth grade, but his first archaeological exploration trip to Egypt didn't take place until 1997.


Kind of a fluffy, local piece about a guy interested in Med. basin archaeology.

Now here's a strongly worded headline: Stench of vice from vicinity of museum: Treasure chests drop guard

Calcutta, Jan. 1: Several suspects were questioned in the past two days, but police seemed clueless about the thieves of the Buddha head that went missing from Indian Museum and many archives appeared easy hunting grounds.

The priceless fifth century BC work went missing from a glass case in the Archaeology Long Gallery on Thursday, but city detective chief Peeyush Pandey said no “headway” has been made yet. “Investigation has proceeded… but I wouldn’t want to use the word headway. There have been no arrests or recovery,” said Pandey


Antiquities Market update Two artifacts returned to Egypt

An Egyptian legal team has retrieved two ancient artifacts from New York and returned them to Egypt, reported Egyptian news agency MENA.

Egyptian Minister of Culture Faruq Husni said the two artifacts, a pottery jar and a statue of ancient god Anubis, had been stolen from a store housing ancient pieces. They were eventually found in New York at the Metropolitan Museum and an auction house.

The chief of the Egyptology Department at the Metropolitan gave the Egyptian team the pottery jar at a news conference in New York. The piece, dated back to the First Dynasty, has been estimated to be about 5,000 years-old.

The Anubis statue, rescued from an auction house before it was sold, dates back to some time between 1070-940 B.C.


That's the whole thing.

Thursday, December 30, 2004

Sad confirmation Obituaries: Robson Bonnichsen

Robson Bonnichsen of College Station, Texas, died of natural causes Saturday in Bend. He was 64.

He was born in Twin Falls, Idaho, to Everett and Helen Williams Bonnichsen.

He married Peggy Hays in August 2003 in Aloha.

He had over 44 years of archeological field experience. He was a professor of anthropology at Oregon State University and was the director of the Center for Study of the First Americans at both Oregon State University and Texas A & M University from 1991 to 2002.

Survivors include his wife, Peggy Hays of College Station, Texas; sons, Sven of Portland, Shield of Tucson, Ariz., and Max of California; brothers, Bill of Moscow, Idaho, and Joe of Albany; sister, Janet Towle of Tigard; and one grandchild.

A service will be Thursday, Jan. 6, at the Tigard Christian Church, 13405 S.W. Hall Blvd., in Tigard.

Memorial contributions can be made to the Center for Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4352.


That's the whole thing. No doubt more will be written on his life and work and we'll post those as well when they come across the wires.

Thieves! Buddha head stolen from Indian Museum

Antique thieves have struck again, this time in the heart of Kolkata. A rare, sandstone head of Buddha, brought to the Indian Museum from Sarnath, was stolen from the museum’s Archaeology Long Gallery on the ground floor on Wednesday afternoon.
The fifth century artefact, about 24 cm in height, is considered an artistic masterpiece of the Gupta period.
It was apparently a neat, clean and easy job — the thief or thieves (police don’t know yet whether it was one person or more) just walked in, lifted the the glass case covering the artefact and walked off with it.


Well. At least they noticed it right away.

Discovery weaves a picture of life for villagers

EXCAVATIONS at a village have unearthed the graves of weavers from the eighteenth and nineteenth century, giving researchers an insight into the lifestyles of the workers at the time.
Derek Alexander, archaeologist with the National Trust for Scotland, said two digs had taken place at different locations in Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire.
"There was an excavation at the Weaver's Cottage, and a separate one which was instigated by some rebuilding work along the south side of the graveyard at Kilbarchan West Parish Church.
"They both gave us a chance to look at the history and archaeology of the weaving industry, which played an important role in Scotland's economy," he said.


Experts differ over origin of ancient pictographs

While experts differ over the origins of prehistoric pictographs at Hueco Tanks, most people go there to enjoy the wilderness or take in some of the park's history.

Idalia Sullivan, formerly of El Paso, on Wednesday took three of her nieces on a guided tour that made several stops at some of the rock formations with paintings.

"I climbed the rocks here as a teenager, and came back recently, and was blown away by what I saw," said Sullivan, who was visiting from California. It was the first time her El Paso nieces -- Tamara Hoefner, 15; Kristin Hoefner, 12; and Raven Anchondo, 5 -- had gone to Hueco Tanks State Historic Site.


Antiquities Market update Museums Advised to Check Bible-Era Relics

Experts advised world museums to re-examine their Bible-era relics after Israel indicted four collectors and dealers on charges of forging items thought to be some of the most important artifacts discovered in recent decades.

The indictments issued Wednesday labeled many such ``finds'' as fakes, including two that had been presented as the biggest biblical discoveries in the Holy Land - the purported burial box of Jesus' brother James and a stone tablet with written instructions by King Yoash on maintenance work at the ancient Jewish Temple.

Shuka Dorfman, head of the Israel Antiquities Authority, said the scope of the fraud appears to go far beyond what has been uncovered so far. The forgery ring has been operating for more than 20 years.


This: Golan said in a statement Wednesday ``there is not one grain of truth in the fantastic allegations related to me.'' He said the investigation was aimed at ``destroying collecting and trade in antiquities in Israel.''

You say that like it's a BAD thing. . . . .

China Discovery I Scientists discover ancient sea wharf

Archeologists say that they have found the country's oldest wharf and it is believed to be the starting point of an ancient sea route to Central and West Asia.

The discovery has reaffirmed the widespread belief that the ancient trade route started in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, archeologists said at yesterday's symposium on the nation's marine silk road.

After three years of excavation, archeologists have unearthed a wharf that is at least 2,000 years old in Guchengtou Village, according to Xiong Zhaoming, head of the archeological team.


China Discovery II 3,000-year-old woodcarving discovered

The Chengdu Archeological Team discovered a 3,000-year-old painted woodcarving of a head during the second phase of excavation at the Jinsha site's ritual area. It is the oldest and most intact sculpture over its type ever discovered in southwest China's Sichuan Province.

According to Wang Yi, curator of the Chengdu Municipal Museum, the woodcarving was found buried about three meters below the earth's surface.


The item in question:


And Andie's blog has a couple more links to the Fayum granaries stories here and here.

And a few things we missed lately:

UF Study: Bigfoot Myth Persists Because It Depicts Humans’ Wild Side

There’s plenty to debunk about the Bigfoot myth, but people may not listen because they have a love-hate relationship with the gigantic hairy monster, says a University of Florida researcher.

“People express a reverence for the grandeur of the animal and derive meaning from Bigfoot because it represents where we came from,” said UF anthropologist David Daegling. “I think Bigfoot depicts the wild and uncultured side of who we are, a side we are both attracted to and repulsed by.”


Interesting, but only vaguely archaeology Research Points To New Theory Driving Evolutionary Changes

Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas have used canine DNA to identify a genetic mutation mechanism they believe is responsible for rapid evolutionary changes in the physical appearance of many species.

The findings, based on data gathered from hundreds of museum specimens of dogs and from blood samples of volunteered live dogs, offer a new explanation for the sudden, rapid rise of new species found in the fossil record. They also help explain the variability in appearance among individual members of a species, such as the length of the nose in different breeds of domestic dogs.


A mechanism for punctuated equilibirum at last?

There's More to the Mimbres Than the Pottery

The NAN Ranch Ruin in southwestern New Mexico has yielded the "most comprehensive body of information ever gathered at a single Mimbres site," according to author and anthropologist Harry Shafer. This impressive scholarly volume presents findings from 20 years of extensive excavations at the NAN Ranch ruin -- offering new views of the ancient Mimbrenos that once thrived in New Mexico from about A.D. 600 to 1140.

"Mimbres culture is no longer seen as just a culture whose architecture was a poor copy of the ancient Anasazi to the north but with pottery that was unrivaled in terms of its painted imagery and design," Shafer states. "The Mimbres phenomenon was a regional fluorescence in its own right that drew upon resources and people from neighboring groups in the desert and mountains."